Vector bosons are elementary particles that mediate the fundamental forces of nature, specifically the electromagnetic force, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force. Examples of vector bosons include the photon (mediator of the electromagnetic force), the W and Z bosons (mediators of the weak nuclear force), and the gluon (mediator of the strong nuclear force). Research in the field of vector bosons focuses on understanding the properties and interactions of these particles, as well as their role in shaping the universe at a fundamental level. This includes studying the production and decay processes of vector bosons in high-energy collisions, as well as searching for new vector bosons that may be predicted by theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Additionally, researchers are investigating the potential connections between vector bosons and other aspects of physics, such as dark matter and the Higgs boson.